In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate.

So glorify God when you reach evening and when you rise in the morning; for all praise is His in the heavens and
on earth, and towards the end of the day and when you have reached noon.*

*Qur'an.30:17-18

Brother! You ask me concerning the wisdom in the specified times of the five daily prayers. I shall point out only one of the
many instances of wisdom in the times.

Indeed, like each of the times of prayer marks the start of an important revolution, so also is each a mirror to Divine disposal
of power and to the universal Divine bounties within that disposal. Thus, more glorification and extolling of the All-Powerful
One of Glory have been ordered at those times, and more praise and thanks for all the innumerable bounties accumulated
between each of the times, which is the meaning of the prescribed prayers. In order to understand a little this subtle and
profound meaning, you should listen together with my own soul to the following 'Five Points'.

FIRST POINT

The meaning of the prayers is the offering of glorification, praise, and thanks to Almighty God. That is to say, uttering Glory
be to God by word and action before God's glory and sublimity, it is to. hallow and worship Him. And declaring God is Most
Great through word and act before His sheer perfection, it is to exalt and magnify Him. And saying All praise be to Cod
with the heart, tongue, and body, it is to offer thanks before His utter beauty. That is to say, glorification, exaltation, and
praise are like the seeds of the prayers. That is why these three things are present in every part of the prayers, in all the
actions and words. And it is also why these blessed words are each repeated thirty-three times after the prayers, in order to
strengthen and reiterate the prayers' meaning. The meaning of the prayers is confirmed through these concise summaries.

SECOND POINT

The meaning of worship is this, that the servant sees his own faults, impotence. and poverty, and in the Divine Court
prostrates in love and wonderment before Dominicial perfection, Divine mercy, and the power of the Eternally Besought
One. That is to say, just as the sovereignty of Dominicality demands worship and obedience, so also does the holiness of
Dominicality require that the servant sees his faults through seeking forgiveness, and through his glorifications and declaring
Glory be to God proclaims that his Sustainer is pure and free of all defects, and exalted above and far from the false ideas of
the people of misguidance, and hallowed and exempt from all the faults in the universe.

And the perfect power of Dominicality requires that through understanding his own weakness and the impotence of other
creatures, the servant proclaims God is Most Great in admiration and wonder before the majesty of the works of the
Eternally Besought One's power, and bowing in deep humility seeks refuge in Him and places his trust in Him.

And the infinite treasury of Dominicality's mercy requires that the servant makes known his own need and the needs and
poverty of all creatures through the tongue of questioning and supplication, and proclaims his Sustainer's bounties and gifts
through thanks and laudation and uttering All praise be to God. That is to say, the words and actions of the prayers comprise
these meanings, and have been laid down from the side of Divinity.

THIRD POINT

Just as man is an example in miniature of the greater world and Sura Al Fatiha a shining sample of the Qur'an of Mighty
Stature, so too are the prescribed prayers a comprehensive and luminous index of all varieties of worship, and a sacred map
pointing to all the shades of worship of all the classes of creatures.

FOURTH POINT

Just as the second-hand, minute-hand, hour-hand, and day-hand of a clock which tells the weeks look to one another, are
examples of one another, and follow one another, so too the revolutions of day and night, which are like the seconds of this
world - a vast clock of Almighty God - and the years which tell its minutes, and the stages of man's life-span which tell the
hours, and the epochs of the world's life-span which tell the days look to one another, are examples of one another, are like
one another, and recall one another. For example:

The time of Fajr, the early morning: This time until sunrise resembles and calls to mind the early spring, the moment of
conception in the mother's womb, and the first of the six days of the creation of the heavens and earth; it recalls the Divine
acts present in them.

The time of Zuhr, just past midday: This resembles and points to midsummer, and the prime of youth, and the period of
man's creation in the lifetime of the world, and calls to mind the manifestations of mercy and the abundant bounties in them.

The time of Asr, afternoon: This is like autumn, and old age, and the time of the Final Prophet (PBUH), known as the Era
of Bliss, and recalls the Divine acts and favors of the All-Merciful One in them.

The time of Maghrib, sunset: Through recalling the departure of many creatures at the end of autumn, and man's death,
and the destruction of the world at the commencement of the Resurrection, this time puts in mind the manifestations of
Divine Glory and Sublimity, and rouses man from his slumbers of heedlessness.

The time of 'Isha, nightfall. As for this time, by calling to mind the world of darkness veiling all the objects of the daytime
world with a black shroud, and winter hiding the face of the dead earth with its white cerement, and even the remaining
works of departed men dying and passing beneath the veil of oblivion, and this world, the arena of examination, being shut up
and closed down for ever, it proclaims the awesome and mighty disposals of the All-Glorious and Compelling Subduer.

As for the nighttime, through putting in mind both the winter, and the grave, and the Intermediate Realm, it reminds man
how needy is the human spirit for the Most Merciful One's Mercy. And the tahajjud prayer informs him what a necessary
light it is for the night of the grave and darkness of the Intermediate Realm; it warns him of this, and through recalling the
infinite bounties of the True Bestower, proclaims how deserving He is of praise and thanks.

And the second morning calls to mind the Morning of the Resurrection. For sure, however reasonable and necessary and
certain the morning of this night is, the Morning of the Resurrection and the spring following the Intermediate Realm are that
certain.

That is, just as each of these five times marks the start of an important revolution and recalls other great revolutions, so too
through the awesome daily disposals of the Eternally Besought One's power, each calls to mind the miracles of Divine
power and gifts of Divine mercy of both every year, and every age, and every epoch. That is to say, the prescribed prayers,
which are an innate duty and the basis of worship and an incontestable debt, are most appropriate and fitting for these times.

FIFTH POINT

By nature man is extremely weak, yet everything touches him, and saddens and grieves him. Also he is utterly lacking in
power, yet the calamities and enemies that afflict him are extremely numerous. Also he is extremely wanting, yet his needs
are indeed many. Also he is lazy and incapable, yet life's responsibilities are most burdensome. Also his humanity has
connected him to the rest of the universe, yet the decline and disappearance of the things he loves and with which he is
familiar continually pains him. Also his reason shows him exalted aims and lasting fruits, yet his hand is short, his life brief,
his power slight, and his patience little.

Thus, it can be clear]y understood how essential it is for a spirit in this state at the time of Fajr in the early morning to have
recourse to and present a petition to the Court of an All-Powerful One of Glory, an All - Compassionate All-Beauteous One
through prayer and supplication, to seek success and help from Him, and what a necessary point of support it is so that he
can face the things that will happen to him in the coming day and bear the duties that will be loaded on him.

And the time of Zuhr just past midday Is the time of the day's zenith and the start of its decline 7 the time when daily labors
approach their achievement, the time of a short rest from the pressures of work, when the spirit needs a pause from the
heedlessness and insensibility caused by toil, and a time Divine bounties are manifest. Anyone may understand then how
fine and agreeable, how necessary and appropriate it is to perform the midday prayer for the human spirit, which means to
be released from the pressure, shake off the heedlessness, and leave behind those meaningless, transient things, and clasping
one hands at the Court of the True Bestower of Bounties, the Eternally Self-Subsistent One, to offer praise and thanks for
all His gifts, and seek help from Him, and through bowing to display one's impotence before His Glory and Tremendousness,
and to prostrate and proclaim one's wonder, love, and humility. He who does not understand this is not a true human being...

As for the time of Asr in the afternoon, it calls to mind the melancholy season of autumn and the mournful state of old age
and the somber period at the end of time. Also it is when the matters of the day reach their conclusion, and the time the
Divine bounties which have been received that day like health, well-being, and beneficial duties have accumulated to form a
great total, and the time that proclaims through the mighty sun hinting by starting to sink that man is a guest-official and that
everything is transient and inconstant. Now, the human spirit desires eternity and was created for it; it worships
benevolence, and is pained by separation. Thus, anyone who is truly a human being may understand what an exalted duty,
what an appropriate service, whit a fitting way to repay a debt of human nature, indeed, what an agreeable pleasure it is to
perform the afternoon prayer, for by offering supplications at the Eternal Court of the Everlasting Pre-Eternal One, the
Eternally Self-Subsistent One, it has the meaning of taking refuge in the grace of unending, infinite Mercy, and by offering
thanks and praise in the face of innumerable bounties, of humbly bowing before the Mightiness of His Dominicality, and by
prostrating in utter humility before the Everlastingness of His Godhead, of finding true consolation and ease of spirit, and
being girded ready for worship in the presence of His Grandeur.

And the time of Maghrib at sunset recalls the disappearance amid sad farewells of the delicate and lovely creatures of the
worlds of summer and autumn at the start of winter. And it calls to mind the time when through his death, man will leave all
those he loves in sorrowful departure and enter the grave. And it brings to mind when at the death of this world amid the
upheavals of its death-agonies, all its inhabitants will migrate to other worlds and the lamp of this place of examination will
be extinguished. And it is a time which gives stern warning to those who worship transient, ephemeral beloveds.

Thus, at such a time, for the Maghrib prayer, man's spirit, which by its nature is a mirror desirous for an Eternal Beauty,
turns its face towards the throne of mightiness of the Eternal Undying One, the Enduring Everlasting One, Who performs
these mighty works and turns and transforms these huge worlds, and declaring Cod is Most Create over these transient
beings, withdraws from them. Man clasps his hands in service of his Lord and rises in the presence of the Enduring Eternal
One, and through saying: All praise be to God, he praises and extols His faultless perfection, His peerless beauty, His infinite
mercy. And through declaring:You alone do we worship and from You alone we seek help, * he proclaims his worship
for and seeks help from His unassisted Dominicality, His unpartnered Godhead, His unshared sovereignty. Then he bows,
and through declaring together with all the universe his weakness and impotence, his poverty and baseness before the
infinite majesty, the limitless power, and utter mightiness of the Enduring Eternal One, he says: All glory to My Mighty
Sustainer, and glorifies his Sub- lime Sustainer. And prostrating before the undying Beauty of His Essence, His unchanging
sacred attributes, His constant everlasting perfection, through abandoning all things other than Him, man proclaims his love
and worship in wonder and self-abasement, he finds an All-Compassionate Eternal One, and through saying, All glory to my
Exalted Sustainer, he declares his Most High Sustainer to be free of decline and exalted above any fault.

*Qur'an, 1:5.

Then, he testifies to God's Unity and the Prophethood of Muhammed. He sits, and on his own account offers as a gift to the
Undying All-Beauteous One, the Enduring All-Glorious One the blessed salutations and benedictions of all creatures. And
through greeting the Most Noble Prophet, he renews his allegiance to him and proclaims his obedience to his commands. In
order to renew and illuminate his faith, he observes the wise order in this palace of the universe and testifies to the Unity of
the All-Glorious Maker. And he testifies to the Prophethood of Muhammed the Arabian (Upon whom be blessings and
peace), who is the herald of the sovereignty of God's Dominicality, the proclaimer of those things pleasing to Him, and the
interpreter of the signs and verses of the Book of the Universe. To perform the Maghrib prayer is this. Thus, how can
someone be considered to be a human being who does not understand what a fine and pure duty is the prayer at sunset,
what an exalted and pleasurable act of service, what an agreeable and pleasing act of worship, what a serious matter, and
what an unending conversation and permanent happiness it is in this transient guest-house?

And at the time of 'Isha at nightfall, the last traces of the day remaining on the horizon disappear, and the world of night
encloses the universe. As the All-Powerful and Glorious One, The Changer of Night and Day, turns the white page of day
into the black one of night through the mighty disposals of His Dominicality, it recalls the Divine activities of that All-Wise
One of Perfection, The Subduer of the Sun and the Moon, turning the green adorned page of summer into the frigid white
page of winter. And with the remaining works of the departed being erased from this world with the passing of time, it
recalls the Divine acts of The Creator and Life and Death in their passage to another, quite different world. It is a time that
calls to mind the disposals of The Creator of the Heavens and the Earth's Awesomeness and the manifestations of His
Beauty in the utter destruction of this narrow, fleeting, and lowly world, the terrible death-agonies of its decease, and in the
unfolding of the broad, eternal, and majestic World of the Hereafter. And the universe's Owner, its True Disposer, its True
Beloved and Object of Worship can only be the One Who with ease turns night into day, winter into spring, and this world
into the Hereafter like the pages of a book; Who writes and erases them, and changes them.

Thus, at nightfall, man's spirit, which is infinitely impotent and weak, and infinitely poor and needy, and plunged into the
infinite darkness of the future, and tossed around amid innumerable events, performs the 'Isha prayer, which has this
meaning: Like Abraham man says: I do not love those that set, * and through the prayers seeks refuge at the Court of an
Undying Object of Worship, an Eternal Beloved One, and in this transient world and fleeting life and dark world and black
future he supplicates an Enduring, Everlasting One, and for a moment of unending conversation, a few seconds of immortal
life, he asks to receive the favours of the All-Merciful and Compassionate One's Mercy and the light of His guidance, which
will strew light on his world and illuminate his future and bind up the wounds resulting from the departure and decline of all
creatures and friends.

*Qur'an, 6:76.

And temporarily man forgets the hidden world, which has forgotten him, and pours out his woes at the Court of Mercy with
his weeping, and whatever happens, before sleeping - which resembles death - he performs his last duty of worship. And in
order to close favourably the daily record of his actions, he rises to pray; that is to say, he rises to enter the presence of an
Eternal Beloved and Worshipped One in place of all the mortal ones he loves, of an All-Powerful and Generous One in
place of all the impotent creatures from which he begs, of an All-Compassionate Protector so as to be saved from the evil
of the harmful beings before which he trembles.

And he starts with the Fatiha, that is, instead of praising and being obliged to defective, wanting creatures, for which they
are not suited, he extols and offers praise to The Sustainer of All the Worlds, Who is Absolutely Perfect and Utterly
Self-Sufficient and Most Compassionate and All Generous. Then he progresses to the address: You alone do we worship.
That is, despite his smallness, insignificance, and aloneness, through man's connection with The Owner of the Day of
Judgment, Who is the Sovereign of Pre-Eternity and Post-Eternity, he attains to a rank whereat he is an indulged guest in
the universe and an important official. Through declaring: You alone do we worship and from You alone do we seek help,
he presents to Him in the name of all creatures the worship and calls for assistance of the mighty congregation and huge
community of the universe. Then through saying: Guide us to the Straight Path, he asks to be guided to the Straight Path,
which leads to eternal happiness and is the luminous way.

And now, he thinks of the mightiness of the All-Glorious One, of Whom, like the sleeping plants and animals, the hidden suns
and sober stars are each as though a soldier subjugated to His command, and a lamp and servant in this guest-house of the
world, and uttering: God is Most Great, he bows down. Then he thinks of the great prostration of all creatures. That is,
when, at the command of Be! and it is, * all the varieties of creatures each year and each century - and even the Earth,
and the universe - each like a well ordered army or an obedient soldier, is discharged from its duty, that is, when each is sent
to the World of the Unseen, through the prostration of its decease and death with complete orderliness, it declares: God is
Most Create, and bows down in prostration. And like they are raised to life, some in part and some the same, in the spring at
an awakening and life-giving trumpet blast from the Command of Be! and it is, and they rise up and are girded ready to
serve their Lord, insignificant man too, following them, declares: God is Most Great! in the presence of the All-Merciful One
of Perfection, the All-Compassionate One of Beauty in wonder struck love and eternity tinged humility and dignified
self-effacement, and bows down in prostration; that is to say, he makes a sort of Ascension And for sure you will have
understood now how agreeable and fine and pleasant and elevated, how high and pleasurable, how reasonable and
appropriate a duty, service, and act of worship, and what a serious matter it is to perform the 'Isha prayer.

*Qur'an, 2: 117, etc.

Thus, since each of these five times is an indication to a mighty revolution, a sign to the tremendous Dominicial activity, and
a token of the universal Divine bounties, the prescribed prayers, which are a debt and an obligation, being specified at them
is perfect wisdom...

Glory be unto You! We have no knowledge save that which You have taught us; indeed You are All - Knowing,
All-Wise. *

O God! Grant blessings and peace to the one whom You sent as a teacher to Your servants to instruct them in knowledge
of You and worship of You, and to make known the treasures of Your Names, and to translate the signs of the Book of the
[Universe and as a mirror to its worship of the beauty of Your Dominicality,-and to all his Family and Companions, and have
Mercy on us and on all believing men and women. Amen. Through Your Mercy, O Most Merciful of the Merciful!
*Qur'an, 2:32